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Artificial Intelligence (AI)







Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) 04/11/2004 06:42 AM

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1) Stanford University: What is Artificial Intelligence?
http: //www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html

2) The History of Artificial Intelligence
http://library. thinkquest.org/2705/history.html

3) The Turing Test Page
http://cogsci.ucs d.edu/~asaygin/tt/ttest.html

4) The Singular Institute
http://singinst.org/intro/AI. html

5) New Scientist: AI and A-Life
http://www.newscienti st.com/hottopics/ai/

6) IBM: Deep Blue vs. Kasparov
http://www.research.ibm.c om/deepblue/

7) Ai Research: The HAL Nursery
http:/ /www.a-i.com/show_tree.asp?id=110&level=2&root=115

The science and engineering of Artificial Intelligence has come a long way since 1950, when scientists began to explore the link between human intelligence and machines. Since then, computer scientists have made advances in creating machines that can engage in human-like behaviors, mimic human thought, understand speech, and beat the best human chessplayer. Applications are far and wide, from military technology to personal cell phones. This Topic In Depth reviews some of the past accomplishments, current research and future challenges in AI. John McCarthy from the Computer Science Department at Stanford University has posted this article answering some common questions people have about Artificial Intelligence, including the implications of this work for the meaning of intelligence. (1). This next website (part of a ThinkQuest website competition) gives a history of AI among other interesting tidbits about different approaches and applications (2). The Turing Test Page elaborates on Alan Turing's conditions for considering a machine to be intelligent, which he outlined in a 1950 article that is also available from this website (3). The Singularity Institute describes itsambitious plan to develop "real AI" (4). The New Scientist highlights some applications for AI which range from the traditional to new wave (5). On a lighter note, this webpage by IBM is dedicated to Deep Blue and the event that captured the attention of chess and computer fans -- the rematch between the supercomputer, Deep Blue, and Kasparov (6). Ai Research has made their HAL Nursery available to the public -- a collection of "Virtual Children" you can interact with online. (7). [From The NSDL Scout Report for Math, Engineering, and Technology, Copyright Internet Scout Project 1994-2003. http://scout.wisc.edu/]

Another resource is the ChatterBots Subject Tracer™ Information Blog.




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Cory Doctorow: When I was working on Eastern Standard Tribe, my editor Patrick Nielsen Hayden told me that he thought that the electric light was a kind of drug, the kind of thing it takes a civilization a century to absorb, a hundred-year-long interregnum like the industrial century that Russian staggered through under the influence of vodka, or the lowlanders' gin-soaked hallucinogenic century. The ability to work when the sun was down, to ignore the seasons' rhythm that we'd been guided by since we were photosynthesizing single-celled organisms -- it's the kind of thing that can and does drive us all mad. (David Marusek, a brilliant sf writer who lives in Alaska, once described whole towns of people from away that would crop up during the summer season -- hoteliers and waiters and loggers and gas-station attendants -- none of whom had ever seen the midnight sun, staying awake for days on end, brawling and hallucinating and screwing their brains out, like a Bosch illustration).

Now there's a theory that breast cancer is related to hormone imbalances caused by artificial lighting. Our ability to best our meat and bend it to our will is overstated, I think -- the meat always gets its own back.

Their theory that artificial light can cause breast cancer is simple. Prolonged periods of exposure to artificial light disrupt the body's circadian rhythms - the inner biological clocks honed over thousands of years of evolution to regulate behaviors such as sleep and wakefulness. The disruption affects levels of hormones such as melatonin and the workings of cellular machinery, which can trigger the onset of cancer, Stevens theorizes.

"Mankind has only been exposed to these light sources for 150 years or so," Stevens said.

So far, the theory is based largely on suggestive, but inconclusive, observational studies. For instance, night-shift workers such as nurses tend to be more prone to develop breast cancer than day-shift workers, and blind women are less likely to have breast cancer than women with sight.

Link (via Circadiana)


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