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EPIC: A New SBC Form Factor







EPIC: A New SBC Form Factor

EPIC: A New SBC Form Factor 04/09/2004 04:01 PM

A LinuxDevices.com article carries the news that five manufacturers of single-board computers (SBCs) announced a new industry standard form factor called EPIC at this year's Embedded Systems Conference. EPIC boards will be 115mm by 165mm which is larger than PC/104 but smaller than the EBX standard. The EPIC standard includes on-board PC/104 and PC/104-Plus connectors for expansion boards. The standard also allows PC-style connectors for I/O instead of the pin-headers common on PC/104 designs.




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The Idea:
Over the past two years I've been sharing my, and others', ideas on a better way to live, and what needs to be done to get there. This article is an attempt to recap many of those articles, and draw them together into a cohesive and practical model for a post-civilization culture.


For three million years human society was built on a gatherer-hunter culture, based on community, a culture we shared with the rest of life on Earth. When a series of natural and man-made events created a sudden and severe food shortage 30,000 years ago, a new acquirer-settler culture evolved, based on agriculture and more recently on energy-driven industrialization and urbanization, and maintained by the establishment of political hierarchy and unequal ownership which artificially created scarcity, slavery and dependence, which were necessary to command obedience and maintain law and order in such an 'unnatural' culture. Now we are again at a turning point, as we realize that this culture, which we call 'civilization', is not sustainable, and is running into a wall as it attempts with greater and greater difficulty to defy the laws of thermodynamics, the laws of finite capacity, and nature's balancing mechanisms: pandemic disease and adrenaline-provoked lethal aggressiveness, psychological breakdown and incapacity, as triggered responses to overcrowding and scarcity.

I have argued that the root causes of this overcrowding and scarcity, and hence of all the problems we face today, are overpopulation and overconsumption, though some think I am giving the ruling elites of our world too much benefit of the doubt by not listing their psychopathic violence and greediness as root causes. I have therefore maintained that to build a post-civilization culture we need to do four things:
  1. We need to tell everyone a new story of our planet's destiny, a new vision, and show them a new model, a better way to live that will realize that vision.
  2. We need to achieve broad consensus that overpopulation and overconsumption are the root causes of our current culture's unsustainability, and that they must be actively addressed and solved.
  3. We need to tap into the collective wisdom of Earth's people to find the best solutions to these two root problems, and help them test and implement the solutions in their communities.
  4. We need to help each other clear away obstacles to success, through humanitarian and peacemaking assistance, helping to build new infrastructure that will work in the new community-based world, redistributing resources from the rich to the poor, and disarming those that will try to establish new wealth and power hierarchies.
I thought it might be useful to set out a 'straw man' model of how to go about the first three of these steps, something that people can shoot at and refine and test out. My model is illustrated above and has four components: Principles (a basic set of standards to guide how the new culture would operate), Learnings (what each of us must learn and teach to make the new culture successful), Enablers (the tools and systems we need to have at our disposal to make the new culture work), and Infrastructure (what we need to build to show that the new culture works, and to make it sustainable). Here's a quick walk-through of what I'm proposing be in each component:

Principles: Because it's so difficult to get consensus on principles, and because principles cannot be imposed, I think it's important that the new culture have as few principles, and as inclusive and intuitive principles as possible. The smallest set I can come up with that will do the job is these five, and they're all about responsibility:
  • Legacy Principle: We must leave the world at least as healthy, abundant and well-off for future generations as we found it.
  • Gaia Principle: We recognize that Earth is a single, self-balancing, self-managing organism of which we are an inseparable part, and we have a sacred responsibility to respect and live in harmony with all other life on Earth, not treat it as our 'property', and to waste nothing.
  • Stop at One Principle: Until we can restore a healthy balance to life on our planet, and live up to the Legacy and Gaia Principles, we must procreate no more than one child for each two human inhabitants until our population is reduced to one billion.
  • No Debts No Deficits Principle: We must always live within our means, be beholden to no others, and never encumber our descendants.
  • Trade Only Surpluses Principle: We will buy from other communities only those things which we cannot reasonably produce ourselves, and sell to other communities only those things which we do not need ourselves.
CriticalLifeSkills
Learnings: We cannot expect to be able to live successfully in a new culture without learning (or re-learning) how to make a living together and how to live together. Each one of us must learn critical skills to that end, such as those depicted in the map above. Just as importantly, we need to learn to reconnect with nature, with our instincts, and with all other life in our communities. This will take time, patience, practice, and immersion in wilderness -- not to 'conquer' our fear of it, but to accept it as sacred and as our home, to understand after millennia of forgetting that we are animals, and that we are an integral part of the whole ecosystem. Without this reconnection and re-learning we will simply revert to the bad habits of the acquirer-settler culture.

Enablers: The basic building blocks of the new culture are community, knowledge, self-sufficiency, connection, collaboration and innovation. The Internet will allow us to acquire and share these building blocks. We can use it to find like-minds for our new communities, to teach and learn how to make these communities successful and sustainable, and to collaborate with others to share ideas and successes, and to find innovative solutions to the problems we encounter in community-building. This will allow us to realize the three pillars of Freeman Dyson's Dream that will be essential to successful and sustainable communities:
  • The free exchange of information (and of everything else that can be reduced to bytes);
  • The development of community-based renewable energy co-ops that will make each community energy self-sufficient; and
  • The development of open-source innovations in sustainable agriculture and biotech, which will allow communities to also become self-sufficient in producing their own food, fabrics and other more-with-less materials that encourage and enable sustainable, humane low-footprint methods of meeting all the communities' essential needs.
Infrastructure: With the right principles that can guide our decisions, the learnings to build the new culture properly, and the enabling building blocks, we can create the infrastructure that embodies the new culture. I think this infrastructure needs three key components:
  • Model Intentional Communities: These are the new political, social and economic units of the new culture. They embody our choices on who we want to live with and how we want to live, and manage ourselves, as autonomous communities or 'tribes' of like-minded individuals. Much has been written about how to construct these once we have the principles, learnings and enablers to do so effectively.
  • Natural Enterprises: The community of people with whom one chooses to live, and the people with whom one may choose to make a living (work), will not necessarily be the same people, and with modern communications and 'virtual presence' technology it need not be. The formation and principles behind Natural Enterprises are different from, but entirely consistent with, those that underlie Model Intentional Communities.
  • Collaborative Solution Centres: There will be problems, especially in the early going of the new culture, that cannot be effectively solved by the members of a single community. There is some doubt in my mind whether the Internet, even with much improved social networking and 'shared space', communication and connectivity tools, will have adequate resources to solve these problems effectively. I see a role, therefore, for Solution Centres that will aggregate the people, knowledge, skills and practices that will allow large and diverse groups of people with a shared problem to answer it effectively. These Centres could also do double-duty as sites (physical and/or virtual) for the teaching of critical skills that cannot be more effectively taught in the field. They could in fact become the 'community centres' of the new culture.
That's the model. It's a straw-man, so kick away.

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HOW NATURE
WORKS AND WHY CIVILIZATION DOESN'T: A
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HOW NATURE
WORKS AND WHY CIVILIZATION DOESN'T: A
SYSTEMS VIEW OF GAIA
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I'm working on an update of the long paper that describes my 'journey' to environmental awareness and activism. Rather than starting the revision at the beginning, I thought I'd start with what was most important -- the final section with the 'root cause analysis' and the 'solution map' that ultimately became my How to Save the World Roadmap.

When I first published this paper on my blog, the charts that accompanied it generated more buzz than the paper itself. You can find them here and here. Since then, I've come to realize that these variables are less cause-and-effect than components of a self-reinforcing and self-perpetuating system. In Systems Thinking terminology, the 'virtuous circle' of life that existed in nature until about 30,000 years ago was 'disrupted' by events that upset the equilibrium and rippled through the system, producing a new self-reinforcing and self-perpetuating system that we call 'civilization'.

Based on the research I've since done on population, violence, and on our political, economic and social systems, I've now updated the charts to show the circular nature and greater interrelationship of the 19 elements. The first chart shows how nature works as a self-managed, self-balancing planetary organism -- a map perhaps of what is called the Gaia Theory:
Chart 1
Chart 1

And the second chart shows the equivalent man-made systems that have come into play with the dawn of civilization 30,000 years ago. This replacement system, alas, is not self-balancing -- it is utterly unsustainable, though our awareness of that fact is only a century old:
Chart 2
Chart 2

How did this unfortunate transformation occur? We don't know for sure, but the most compelling theory I have seen is that, as a consequence of the last ice age, and/or the invention of efficient hunting tools (like the spear, and the bow and arrow), there was a sudden and massive shortage of the big, lumbering game that man had hunted so easily since his emergence on the planet. So the element to the right of the red box changed from "Abundant Resources and Energy" (chart 1) to "Scarcity of Resources and Energy" (chart 2). Usually when this happens (except when it is a result of a major extinction event like that caused by the meteorite impact 65 million years ago that wiped out most of life on Earth), nature is able to fix the imbalance. It does so by causing the species suffering the shortage to reduce its fertility rate, temporarily increasing its mortality rate (more of them are eaten by predators, and epidemics arise to reduce over-crowding), and the result is a reduction in their consumption of the scarce resources (food, land etc.), until the scarce resources have had time to replenish themselves (illustrated in chart 3, below, which is based on the work of Darwin, Lovelock, and Edward T. Hall). In this sense, our planetary organism Earth behaves analogously to a human organism -- when there's a shortage of food, it goes into hibernation, lowers metabolism, and draws on internal reserves (fat) to compensate until a new external food supply is found.
Chart 3
Chart 3

But the situation 30,000 years ago was different. Man had developed enough intellect to institute some man-made solutions to scarcity instead of relying on the ones nature had always used. These human inventions included agriculture, animal domestication, and then, to make those work, a whole series of social, political and economic systems. We created man-made 'stores' of resources to offset the natural shortages, and tools to protect ourselves and our food supplies from, and even eradicate, natural predators and diseases. Our intellect tipped the balance of power, at least temporarily, from nature to man. Once that 'tipping point' had been reached, the rest of the 19 elements on Chart 1 were transformed into the corresponding elements on Chart 2. By enormous strength of ingenuity and will, we have entrenched this New World Order for 30,000 years, and exported it to every corner of the globe.

The problem is that it's unsustainable, and the kind of tinkering with it espoused by optimists and those that deny we are in crisis, just won't fix it -- both nature and civilization are immensely complex systems, and civilization is also immensely fragile. We need to simultaneously work on many of these 19 elements to create a new 'tipping point' to restore the natural system that worked for millions of years before civilization. That doesn't mean going back to a pre-civilization lifestyle -- that would be foolish and impossible. It means moving forward on many fronts -- political, social, economic, ecological, technological and in the way we make a living. Let's take a look at some of the weakest points in Chart 2 to see how we might, with coordinated or ingenious small-group effort, flip some of them over to their corresponding Chart 1 states:
  1. Innovation: We need to develop:
    • Simpler, cheaper, more reliable birth control technologies (and ban technologies that increase human fertility)
    • More efficient clean energy technologies (and encourage their development by banning technologies that create massive environmental damage like coal-burning plants, dams, nuclear plants and internal combustion engines)
    • Technologies that prevent rather than treat diseases (we could learn much from nature in this area, but we had better do so before we destroy her medicine cabinet, the tropical rainforests), because families that live long, healthy lives are smaller
    • Technologies that reduce the amount of poisons we release into the air and the water
    • Production technologies that produce no waste, and whose products are 100% biodegradable -- If it can't be completely, inexpensively, easily and quickly recycled, it should not be produced
    • Technologies that eliminate expensive, polluting, dependence-creating transportation of goods, and allow local self-sufficiency and bioregionalism to work (Local wind and solar energy co-ops, and new greenhouse technologies that expand the range of foods that can be locally produced, for example) -- Nothing should have to be imported unless it cannot be reasonably produced locally
    • Technologies that allow us to do more with less, that replace hardware with software and molecules with bits -- and where there is no alternative to durable goods, they should be lightweight, recyclable, and unconditionally guaranteed to work for many lifetimes, so there is no need for landfills
    • Nutritious, delicious foods that use no animal products, to render obsolete current technologies that cause massive suffering, like factory farms and pharmaceutical and chemical products using laboratory testing
    • Technologies that produce more edible plant mass per acre, without using pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers or genetic engineering
    • Networking technologies that allow people working on solutions to global problems to self-organize and collaborate more effectively
    • Information technologies that allow citizen and consumer groups to organize and to identify, prosecute and defeat socially and environmentally irresponsible corporations, governments and organizations
    • Technologies that allow us to learn better from nature -- the languages of other animals, the mechanisms of self-regulation, self-organization, conflict resolution, and other important lessons
    • Technologies that will prevent and treat mental illness, that can be inexpensively and easily provided to all, including those on the streets and in our criminal institutions
  2. Social Activism: We need to:
    • Completely revamp our education systems and wrench them away from corporatist control -- they should be community-run, autonomous, mobile, virtual, and dedicated to teaching responsible citizenship, how to learn, how to think creatively and critically, how to get along with others, and how to make a living with those one cares about (everything else they can learn by themselves -- they don't need to be force-fed anyone's biased viewpoint)
    • Persuade people of the need and advantage of limiting their families to one child
    • Persuade people of the need and advantage of a 'radically simple' lifestyle
    • Demonstrate by example the superiority of self-selected, self-managed communities over both the nuclear family and larger political units (cities, states) for effective, efficient, self-sufficient social, political and economic organization
    • Think critically and creatively, never stop challenging, never stop thinking of ideas to make the world even better
    • Learn to live a healthy vegan lifestyle, and make more of our own foods instead of relying on prepackaged foods
    • Learn to compromise, cooperate, collaborate, resolve conflicts amicably, build consensus and negotiate better
    • Organize to use our very real power as citizens and consumers to end corporatism, devolve power to communities and individuals, create a more open, fair, socially and environmentally responsible and egalitarian society, and support local enterprise
    • Learn to listen, be more respectful and pay attention better -- to nature, to each other (especially those with different views), to women, to children, and to our own instincts
    • Pace ourselves -- saving the world is going to take enormous energy, passion, faith and courage
  3. Community-Based Enterprise Formation: We need to:
    • Encourage and facilitate the formation of innovative, locally-owned, community-based businesses
    • Pledge to buy local, so that we have more say in our economic lives, so that business is incented to invest in and take seriously its responsibility to the local community, and so that unnecessary, polluting, traffic-creating transportation of imported goods is minimized
    • Encourage and enable community-based businesses to take an active role in the education system, showing our young people how to run their own successful local business enterprise
    • Create community-based financial institutions that will exclusively fund community-based businesses and hence enable people in the community to invest locally
  4. Political Activism: We need to:
    • Revamp corporate law to make corporations once again the servants of man, not our masters -- rewrite corporate charters to make them more restrictive and more responsible, and make corporations once again mere 'economic shells'  with no political power, no place for corrupt individuals to hide, no separate 'rights', democratic voting, open information access and a strict size and salary cap
    • End agricultural and other business subsidies
    • End the tax subsidies to religious organizations, and treat them legally as political organizations
    • Reform election laws to introduce proportionate representation and instant-runoff voting, eliminate gerrymandering, prohibit corporate and group campaign financing, cap personal campaign financing, and have all elections supervised by international observers
    • Shift taxes away from income and employment and towards pollution, waste, resource consumption, speculation and wealth accumulation -- and use these taxes to radically even out wealth and power disparity
    • Change our measures of economic 'success' -- scrap GDP and similar measures in favour of Genuine Progress Indicators and similar measures of well-being and equality
    • Revamp and reduce property rights to cap ownership by any one individual, require public access to land with special social attributes (e.g. ocean-front), increase ownership responsibilities, prohibit property ownership by corporations and organizations (they could still lease appropriately zoned lands from the public), prohibit property ownership by non-residents, and solve the Tragedy of the Commons
    • Set aside a significant amount of the Earth's area, across all bioregions, as wilderness land, where no development, economic activity or pollution would be allowed, and human access would be heavily limited
    • Strengthen, hone and globalize charters of human rights and freedoms to include absolute rights to free health care and education, and give them legal status ahead of domestic law
    • Scrap 'free' trade agreements that undermine local and national social and environmental laws and traditions
    • Set global standards for government spending -- a maximum % of government revenues that can be spent on military activities and a minimum % that must be spent on international humanitarian aid, and expel from the UN countries that violate these standards
    • Write off all current third-world international indebtedness, prohibit creation of new international debt, and ban extraterritoriality (political and economic activities that compromise local or national sovereignty)
    • Reinstate usury laws (limit interest rates on consumer debts to no more than 3% above inflation rate)
    • Introduce currency reform to allow LETS systems
    • Extend anti-cruelty laws to all animals, and for the purpose of such laws define them as living beings, not as property
I have deliberately put political activism as the final category of this list, because the more I learn about change, the more I am coming to believe that politics and law are much less effective levers for change than innovation, social activism or community-based enterprise formation. Political activism is an uphill battle against the status quo and against entrenched wealth and power. Social activism and community-based enterprises, by contrast, work peer-to-peer, citizen-to-citizen and consumer-to-consumer and, thanks to the power of modern communications, can spread virally very quickly, undermining the political and economic establishment by working beneath their radar, until, starved of its grass-roots citizen and consumer support, this establishment simply crumbles, no longer needed. Most of the bullets on the Political Activism list above are, in fact, more about undoing things that are contributing to ecological collapse, than about doing something else. And innovation, which respects no political or economic authority, can help immensely.

Many of my readers have told me "that's fine, but I'm not rich, powerful, expert, entrepreneurial or innovative, so what can I do now to help, to make a difference?" That's a fair question, and I'm developing the answer to it as the final section of the revised paper (and also as a more practical replacement for the Roadmap). I should have it finished next week, and I'll publish it here first.

TI OMAP5912 SoC Dev Kit


TI OMAP5912 SoC Dev Kit 09/21/2004 10:26 PM
TI has announced a new development kit for their dual-core system-on-chip microcontroller. The OMAP5912 Starter Kit includes TI's 192 MHz, OMAP5912 dual-core SoC (an ARM9 CPU and a TMS320C55x DSP on the same chip). The development board also includes 32 MB DDR, 32 MB Flash, a 10 Mbs Ethernet port, USB port, RS-232 serial port, JTAG port, and expansion connectors for GPIO, LCD, and I/O. The starter kit ships with Monte Vista Linux and development software. The price $295. Robots with vision or audio processing needs could probably make good use of this one. More info is available in a recent LinuxDevices.com story.

Shuttle SB75S Limited Edition


Shuttle SB75S Limited Edition 05/04/2004 11:52 PM
Review: Shuttle Computer brings us the first small form factor cube PC to utilize the Intel 875P chipset. How does it perform?

Microsoft's Starter to Tackle Asia's
Linux Threat


Microsoft's Starter to Tackle Asia's
Linux Threat
07/06/2004 01:41 PM
Channel Times Jul 6 2004 5:15PM GMT

Windows XP Starter Edition hopes to make
inroads against Linux, piracy


Windows XP Starter Edition hopes to make
inroads against Linux, piracy
08/11/2004 09:27 PM
Starter Edition will be customized to each country beyond the normal language customizations required. Localized versions will also have features meant to promote the homeland.

Windows XP Starter Edition a No Starter


Windows XP Starter Edition a No Starter 06/23/2004 07:13 PM
Breaking News | BetaNews has confirmation that despite published reports, Microsoft is not preparing a major release of an entry level version of Windows dubbed Windows XP Starter Edition. Windows enthusiasts speculated that Windows XP Starter Edition was a realignment of the software giant's Office and Windows releases with Office 2003 Service Pack 1 and Windows XP Service Pack 2 that would effectively re-launch both products; however, Windows XP Starter Edition is merely the formal name given to a no-thrills version of the operating system that will be distributed solely in Thailand and Malaysia.

Review: Ark Linux 1.0 Alpha 10.1


Review: Ark Linux 1.0 Alpha 10.1 01/22/2004 02:20 PM
Adrift in a sea of difficult Linux distros? Sick of treading water with Windows? Climb aboard Ark Linux and discover smooth sailing!

Turbo Linux 10f Review


Turbo Linux 10f Review 07/29/2004 10:24 AM

Mepis on ICE (Linux Review)


Mepis on ICE (Linux Review) 04/10/2004 10:11 AM

Arch Linux 0.6 Review


Arch Linux 0.6 Review 04/16/2004 08:47 AM

Review: SuSE Linux 9


Review: SuSE Linux 9 11/13/2003 04:09 AM
SuSE Linux 9, the latest release from Nuremberg, Germany-based SuSE Linux, was released at the end of last month. I put SuSE Linux Professional through its paces, and found it to be the most user-friendly Linux distribution on the market. It's not a "must" update for users of previous versions, but it does have some nice perks.

Review of Yoper Linux v2.1


Review of Yoper Linux v2.1 09/13/2004 06:47 PM

Review: PlanMaker for Linux


Review: PlanMaker for Linux 06/25/2004 02:22 AM
Spreadsheet development has more or less solidified over the past year -- the majority of the features that most people need are already there in long-established proprietary programs like Excel and Lotus 123 -- and that means that the door is open for smaller companies and free software projects to grab market share with capable, inexpensive products. That's probably the best way to describe SoftMaker's $49.95 PlanMaker 2004 for Linux, which was released earlier this month: capable, inexpensive, cross-platform competition for Microsoft Excel 2003. You won't find a more Excel-compatible spreadsheet on any operating system, but Microsoft compatibility is far from PlanMaker's only worthwhile feature.

Conectiva Linux 9 Review


Conectiva Linux 9 Review 04/18/2004 01:54 AM

2003 Review of the Year: Linux


2003 Review of the Year: Linux 01/02/2004 06:04 AM
vnunet.com Jan 2 2004 5:22AM ET

qpsmtpd review in Linux Journal


qpsmtpd review in Linux Journal 12/02/2003 01:19 AM
Lots of things happened in my life in the last ~2 months. But they've all been either too personal to post here or too insignificant relatively to the important things for me to want to take time to write them. I considered writing about the more personal things, but I decided against it. I think I might be about ready to pick up the stream of nonessential random tidbits again though... We'll see. The December issues of Linux Journal includes...

Book Review: Linux for the Rest of Us


Book Review: Linux for the Rest of Us 03/13/2003 10:25 AM
It won't be the last Linux book you own, but consider making it your first.

EPIC: A New SBC Form Factor

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