In the opening keynote of Computerworld's Premier 100 Conference,
American Express CIO Glen Salow today offered attendees a framework
for measuring IT value.
Glen Campbell Gets Jail Time for DUI (AP)06/15/2004 09:34 PM AP - Country music singer Glen Campbell was sentenced Tuesday to 10
nights in jail and two years of probation for a November
drunken-driving hit-and-run collision.
The AmEx Example
The AmEx Example07/27/2004 01:14 PM The firm's travel services and other businesses are performing, but
investors are still cautious.
Russell Simmons, Glen E. Friedman, the WTC, the RNC, and a message.
Russell Simmons owns a loft facing ground zero. Since 9/11 there's
been extremely limited access to the building, but this morning our
good friend, photographer Glen E. Friedman get
in for a few minutes to make a statement which will be up through the
RNC. Here's a bunch of pictures from inside and out.
Sasser infections hit Amex, others05/04/2004 09:12 AM Security experts are continuing to issue warnings about the Sasser
Internet worm as organizations struggled to clean up the damage caused
by infected hosts.
Here are some questions about the “Average Web Page”: How big
is it? Does it have pictures? How many others does it point to? How
many others point to it? Nine years ago I offered answers to those
questions, with pretty pictures even (some included here), and those
answers are still interesting, but it would be nice if someone would
repeat the exercise for today’s Web. Plus, another reason to be mad
at Microsoft...
Measuring Your Web Site Traffic12/24/2004 12:53 PM
Do you know who's visiting your site, where they come from, and how
long they stay? If not, then you are designing and tweaking your site
in the dark.
"Regardless of the statistics package you use, whether
its provided by your web host or one you download and run on your own
computer, its vitally important that you learn how to read your site
statistics, and do it regularly. Otherwise, you have no tools to gauge
how well your site is performing, and how well you are promoting your
site whether links from other sites are actually sending you
traffic, whether search engines are finding your most important pages,
etc."
Measuring the Value of Usability Engineering
Measuring the Value of Usability Engineering06/19/2002 12:06 PM "(...) why usability engineers don't measure the value of usability
efforts, rebuttals to each argument, and suggestions for how to remedy
them."
Measuring True Profitability
Measuring True Profitability04/21/2004 08:41 AM Ever heard of structural free cash flow? It's one of Tom Gardner's
main tools for digging up Hidden Gems.
Measuring the Branding Impact from SEO/SEM
Measuring the Branding Impact from SEO/SEM04/09/2004 04:06 PM Indepth article: "When trying to carry out any kind of branding
exercise in SEM/SEO, we usually have one distinct advantage over
traditional online and offline advertising: users are looking to buy!"
Measuring IT's impact on productivity
Measuring IT's impact on productivity05/20/2004 05:34 PM Researchers and CIOs at the MIT Sloan CIO Symposium said they're
starting to see quantifiable evidence of how IT is affecting corporate
productivity.
Measuring Pollution In Humans
Measuring Pollution In Humans12/29/2003 08:25 AM CHaN_316 writes "Scientists have begun measuring pollutants in our
body and the results sound like a chemical clean-up site. They've
found things such as flame ...
Measuring Programming Language Popularity Again01/05/2003 12:10 PM To keep up with employment trends in programming languages I have
searched the most popular job search engines (monster.com, dice.com,
and hotjobs.com) to catagorize the number of job listings by the
programming languages mentioned in each listing. Each search engine is
different. As such, a description of the search techniques is also
presented. -- Eric Turner
As a comparison, here are the PHP equivalents taken 2 days after the
above article was posted.
From this rough guide PHP jobs are about as popular as Ada or Fortran.
Pretty good company for such a young language.
Also if you assume that all web-based programmer jobs require
knowledge of Javascript (1878 jobs), then the percentage of web
developer jobs that require PHP is about 463/1878 = 25%.
If you have more statistical diarrhea, let me know. I have toilet
paper ready.
J.D. Edwards Adds CRM to Measuring Stick03/14/2003 01:28 AM J.D. Edwards has expanded its business value calculator to include
CRM, enterprise asset
management, project management, workforce management and real estate
management. The
calculator is a benchmarking tool that helps businesses compare their
performance in
certain areas against that of competitors or the industry average.
Ratings Agency Says It Erred in Measuring Web Site Use
Ratings Agency Says It Erred in Measuring Web Site Use02/23/2003 10:50 PM That change moved Terra Lycos to the sixth-most-visited site in
December, from seventh under the previous numbers, putting it in front
of Google. ...
(Twelfth instalment of the
upcoming book Natural
Enterprise.
List of previous instalments here.)
Enterprises today have a
dizzying selection of performance measurements to choose from. While
at
one time measuring financial profitability, growth and asset
management
effectiveness were considered enough, businesses are now told that
they
need broader metrics to avoid the landmines that may not show up in a
simple financial report card.
How does an entrepreneur decide which measures to use? The decision
ultimately comes down to which measures best reflect and assess the
achievement of the enterprise's objectives. As we explained in an
earlier chapter, in a Natural Enterprise these objectives are more
personal and less restricted than in a traditional company beholden to
absentee shareholders and creditors, whose needs usually (and
tragically) trump those of the people who actually operate the
enterprise. In fact, Natural Enterprise recognizes that each
member/partner will have different personal objectives, and attempts
to
accommodate those objectives, unlike traditional companies that merely
contract for services of employees and make no attempt to assess those
employees' individual needs (often at the cost of their best people).
Some individuals may want or need to earn a significant income to meet
personal financial obligations, while others may be prepared to trade
off income for more time for non-business activities, and still others
may not care about either financial reward or time demands, as long as
they're having fun working with people they love.
Just as the selection of members for a Natural Enterprise is a
self-brokered juggling act (ensuring members' skills are mutually
exclusive yet collectively sufficient), so too is the measurement of
Natural Enterprise success a balancing act -- choosing measures that
assess each member's achievement of his or her personal objectives and
needs, yet still ensuring that the enterprise as a whole remains
viable
and sustainable. For that reason the selection of measurements needs
to
be a collective decision, one
that optimizes everyone's desires and needs in a fair and objective
manner. If one member has a huge mortgage that can probably only be
serviced if everyone in the enterprise works longer hours than they
want to, for example, this needs to be hammered out early, to avoid
inevitable conflicts (and resignations) later.
While the measurement process described in this article is designed
for
Natural Enterprise, it can also work in any entrepreneurial business
with a democratic spirit. Just be forewarned it takes a bit more work
than the traditional business success measures, and requires a lot
more
accommodation of individual employees' needs and aspirations than most
entrepreneurial managers are accustomed to!
Although there are many accepted sets of measures that attempt to look
at enterprise success holistically, in my opinion none of the
widely-used templates is flexible enough to meet the needs of
entrepreneurs who are not fixated on maximizing profitability and
growth. My recommendation, then, is that you start by having each
member of the enterprise articulate his or her own personal objectives
for being part of the enterprise, and then as a group reconcile and
optimize them to create a set of enterprise-wide measurements. I've
developed two tools to do this, the Personal Enterprise Success
Scorecard and the Enterprise Success Scorecard. Those who have worked
in large organizations that use Norton & Kaplan's Balanced
Scorecard will recognize this as similar to the process used to
reconcile personal goals to enterprise goals, but with an important
difference: While in traditional companies this reconciliation is a
top-down process ("describe how your personal goals and improvement
objectives for the next year will contribute to each of the
organization's Balanced Scorecard goals"), in Natural Enterprise the
process is bottom-up. Here's how it works:
Have each member of the organization complete a Personal
Enterprise Success Scorecard (see Fig.1), honestly and
independently.
Circulate these Personal Scorecards among all
members of
the enterprise, and allow time for one-on-one discussions and exchange
of suggestions to ensure all Scorecards are fair, reasonable and
consistently filled out.
Get the group together to develop a plan that will
achieve
everyone's Minimum Need Targets, and get as close as possible to
achieving everyone's Ideal Targets. This will require considerable consens
us-building
skills -- it has to be a highly respectful and accommodating process
with no bullying, intimidation or reluctant compromise. You might even
have to rethink your membership if you realize that no matter what you
do, someone's going to be unhappy enough to leave.
PERSONAL
OBJECTIVE
MEASURE
TARGET (MINIMUM
NEED)
TARGET (IDEAL)
Meet personal
financial objectives
Personal monthly
cash flow (income)
$X/month
$Y/month
Time for important
non-work activities
Average weekly
work hours
max. X
hours/week
max. Y
hours/week
Work hours
flexibility
Ability to choose
which hours to work
avoid working
X-Yam and X-Ypm
unlimited
flexibility
Work autonomy,
authority, responsibility
Ability to make
decisions affecting my role
$X spending
authority
unlimited
autonomy
Personal
learning
Time allotted for
learning activities
X hours/week
unlimited at my
discretion
Creative
outlet
Time & $
allotted for innovation activities
X hours/week +
$X/month
Y hours/week +
$Y/month
etc.
Fig. 1 Sample
Personal Enterprise Success Scorecard
Drawing on the Personal Enterprise Success
Scorecards, and
adding other holistic objectives of the enterprise, compile an
Enterprise Success Scorecard (Fig. 2).
Put in place processes
to capture the data (qualitative --
surveys etc., and quantitative) needed to assess the achievement or
non-achievement of the collective targets.
When a minimum-need
target is not achieved, convene the
group to discuss implications for individual members and remedial
actions to achieve the target in future, or changes to the target.
ENTERPRISE
OBJECTIVE
MEASURE
TARGET (MINIMUM
NEED)
TARGET (IDEAL OR
BENCHMARK)
ACHIEVEMENT/
REMEDIATION INITIATIVES
Meet members'
financial targets
Cash flow
distributed/month
Meet members' work
hour targets
Total hours
worked/month
High
product/service quality
Score per customer
survey
High business
process quality
Down time &
wasted time
High
member/employee satisfaction
Score per employee
survey
High customer
satisfaction
Score per customer
survey
Strong
relationships
Face time with
members of networks
High
connectivity
Number of contacts
with networks
High enterprise
value
Computed
valuation
High
sustainability & agility
Meet above targets
even in weak economy
Social &
environmental responsibility
Buy local, employ
local, no waste/pollution
Community
responsibility
Outreach to
schools & charities
High
market/customer share
% of total market
in areas served
High
innovation
% of sales from
new offerings
etc.
Fig. 2 Sample
Enterprise Success Scorecard (column headings based on Norton &
Kaplan's Balanced Scorecard)
Most of these measures are contingent on others. For example, a member
may be willing to work more hours if he or she has greater flexibility
over when those hours are worked. So optimizing the needs and
objectives of all members is not only a balancing act, it's an
iterative process. And over time the demand for and costs of the
enterprise's products and services may change for reasons outside your
control, which will require a re-optimization of members' and the
enterprise's scorecards again.
Some of the objectives in the sample Enterprise Success Scorecard
above
are quite grandiose and abstract, and sometimes you need to employ
some
more readily measurable intermediary
metrics to get a clear idea of whether you are achieving, and will
likely continue to be able to achieve, some of the higher-level
objectives. For example, achieving a cash flow target means achieving
certain revenues and/or cost minimization targets. So there is still a
place in this measurement process for the traditional financial and
operating measures like margin and turnover, and like 'eyeballs' and
'stickiness' measures of e-commerce sites. You can find information on
some of these traditional measures at About.com
a>, at NetMBA, or
at the UK Small
Business Service
site. While these ratios aren't terribly useful to most entrepreneurs
as raw data, they can be very useful in identifying trends that may
indicate problems or opportunities, in diagnosing the cause of
problems, and in comparing your enterprise to companies in a similar
business that are outperforming the market. Trends in intermediary
metrics can also have great predictive value: I know of several
businesses who noticed modest drops in gross margin or inventory
turnover, and discovered that they signalled important (negative)
shifts in customer perception of their products, early enough to take
vital remedial action.
If you are interested in knowing how much your business is 'worth' (at
least on paper), I published a Primer on
Business Valuation last year on my weblog.
Norton & Kaplan's famous Balanced Scorecard, which you can learn
more about on their
site,
breaks the measurable enterprises objectives into four major
categories: Financial, Customer, Internal Processes and Learning,
Growth & Innovation. Many variations of these classifications have
since been published, adding Knowledge (Intellectual Capital),
'People'
(Human Capital) and Technology categories, among others.
No matter what objectives you choose or how you categorize them, it is
essential that they meet three criteria:
Measurability -- If you can't measure attainment of the
objectives, or even come up with compelling intermediary metrics that
can serve as credible surrogates for what you're trying to measure,
there isn't much point in listing it as an objective, because you'll
never know if you've achieved it.
Actionability -- You need to
be able to identify remedial
actions you can take if you fail to meet your targets. If your
measures
aren't actionable, there's limited value in taking
them.
Analyzability -- You need to be able to understand why you are, or are not, meeting
your targets, in order to be able to act on them.
My book, Natural Enterprise,
will include some real-life examples of entrepreneurial measurement
systems, and some success stories and horror stories about business
measurement.
I've spent much of my career being paid to measure enterprise success,
and in my experience most entrepreneurs know instinctively how well
their business is doing, and many rely on one overarching measure --
daily cash flow -- to confirm or challenge their business instinct.
I'll be describing how to manage cash flow in the next article in this
series. In the meantime, some final thoughts about measurements:
Don't get obsessed with them -- they're a means to an
end,
namely the achievement of your business objectives (not your
accountant's!), not an end in themselves.
Make sure that the measures you use are timely, and
that
you take them continuously; I've seen businesses fail because they
made
decisions based on obsolete, misleading data.
Make sure the
measures are meaningful and the process used
to collect them ensures accurate data. Before you make major decisions
based on your interpretation of a surprising or disappointing measure,
get some others to provide their interpretation.
Choose a few, meaningful measures over a mass of
numbers that are hard to digest.
Don't focus solely on short-term measures -- they can
make you too impatient, and cause you to over-react.
It's been said that "what gets measured, gets done", and there is some
truth to that. But nowhere in business is the 'conventional wisdom' so
likely to lead you astray than in business measurement. Measure your
success on your own terms. It's all that counts.
STIMULATING AND MEASURING CANADIAN INNOVATION -- BADLY
It
is a strange irony that the people who study innovation seem to be
rather unimaginative at finding ways to stimulate it and measure it.
Two new Canadian studies retread tired old ground in this regard.
First, a Canadian federal government National Summit on innovation came up with these 18 lame 'priority
recommendations' (I'm paraphrasing):
Strengthen business-university
relationships
More university research
More government
funding of commercialization
Eliminate capital
taxes
Enhance research tax credits
Enhance investment
tax credits
Accelerate deregulation
Fund more literacy
improvement programs
Teach problem-solving in
schools
More student loans
More university student
capacity
More training programs for
minorities
Facilitate more workplace training
Ease
immigration for students and professionals
More encouragement
of municipal innovation programs
Improve networks between
research organizations
Expand broadband access
More learning
investment in rural areas
Most of these brilliant ideas entail throwing taxpayer money at
corporations, both directly and through subsidized public sector
research that directly benefits private companies. The truth is that a
substantial majority of Canada's largest companies are owned by
foreign
(mostly US) parents who mostly treat their Canadian operations as
low-labour-cost branch plants that distribute products and services
designed at head office and built in the third world. Although the
research capacity in Canada is comparable to the world's best, and is
cheaper than in the US or Western Europe, there's no way Head Office
is
going to move its precious research function to the Canadian boonies.
Many, many Canadian subs are housed in shabby, poorly-maintained,
cheap
premises using machinery and software cast off from Head Office when
they upgraded, and run by managers sent to Canada because they weren't
assessed as good enough to run Head Office divisions. If you think
that's harsh, talk to any of the millions of Canadians working for
fawning, ineffectual foreign bosses. And despite these disadvantages,
many Canadian 'branches' significantly outperform their Head Office
divisions, largely because their Canadian workforces are smarter, more
resourceful, and -- yes -- more innovative than the Head Office drones.
So the real answer to Canada's poor innovation performance (according
to the following measurements, about which I will talk in a moment) is
to take back Canada's economy -- phase in 51% Canadian ownership and
Canadian management requirements for all businesses over a certain
size. Require profits made in Canada to remain in Canada, by imposing
a
100% tax on cross-border distributions. Scrap NAFTA. And if you want
to
stimulate innovation, invest in the people that live and die by
innovation -- entrepreneurs. Their profits stay in the community, get
reinvested, and create jobs. By all means subsidize those
entrepreneurs
to do their research at Canadian universities -- you better believe
that research will be focused on commercial opportunity.
OK, now let's look at how the Science Council of British Columbia proposes
to measure
innovation, to determine whether we need more wringing of hands in
another Innovation Summit next year over our 'poor' performance. You
thought the Feds' list was bad -- check this one out:
Percent of population completing university
Science
and engineering degrees per 100,000 people
Grade 8 average
math and science standardized test scores
Research workforce
per 100,000 people
Science workforce per 100,000
people
Percentage of immigrants with university
education
Total R&D expenditures as a percentage of
GDP
Sectoral R&D expenditure as a percentage of
GDP
Business funding as a percentage of university
R&D
Scientific publications per 100,000
people
Patents issued per 100,000 people
University
technology licensing revenue
Venture capital investment per
100,000 people
Percentage of manufacturers deemed 'innovative'
by Statistics Canada
New business starts per 100,000 people
Tax
rate of people with $80,000 of earned income
Corporate tax
rate
Percentage of R&D expenditures
tax-subsidized
Total business investment as a percentage of
GDP
Percentage of households using the
Internet
Percentage of households using home
computers
Percentage of establishments in 'high
tech'
Real GDP per labour hour in the private
sector
Real GDP per capita
Employment
rate
Real average hourly earnings
Total exports per
capita
If this is how government measures performance, it's no wonder
people
are jaded about government efficiency (though I confess I've seen
corporate balanced scorecards that are just as bad). This list makes
no
mention whatsoever of entrepreneurship, which even big corporation
defenders like Peter Drucker admit is the main driver of innovation.
Even #15 is unrefined -- most new business 'starts' are numbered
companies, very often affiliates of existing corporations set up for
accounting or tax purposes, or passive investment holding companies.
This is no measure of entrepreneurship. And a lot of business
investment (#19) is in things like replacement equipment and building
premises (in Canada, most often warehouses), so this index will tell
you more about the price of real estate than the state of innovation.
A
more intelligent set of measures, as in the previous list, would
include measures of true entrepreneurship -- the percentage of GDP
generated by independent business (excluding franchises), and the
number of graduating students starting new ventures, for example.
Canadians are quite probably the most innovative people (relative to
our size) on Earth. Many of the most successful software companies in
the world were started by Canadians. We nearly dominate the ranks of
the world's best comedians, female singer-songwriters, and women
novelists. We have a disproportionate number of Nobelists. A recent
survey found that on average each dollar invested by non-Canadians in
a
Canadian-invented patent generates $40,000 in revenue for the
patent-buyer. We're world leaders in renewable energy research. I
could
go on, but that would be bragging, and that wouldn't be Canadian.
So why do we beat ourselves up over meaningless measures of our
innovation 'uncompetitiveness'? Perhaps because we're ashamed to admit
that we sell ourselves short. We work hard for unappreciative and
often
rapacious foreign bosses who take the money we earn for them with our
ingenuity and run. We have lost control of our own economic destiny,
which may lead inexorably to a loss of our political and social
autonomy as well. If we spent half the time and energy (and money)
trying to stimulate and measure our economic autonomy that we spend
trying (not very competently) to stimulate and measure 'innovation'
we'd be much further ahead -- by any measure.
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