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Are Taxonomies Dead?







Are Taxonomies Dead?

Are Taxonomies Dead? 01/09/2004 09:58 PM

The taxonomy was always supposed to be the be-all and end-all of information architecture. A good, solid category structure was how all the information in an enterprise was supposed to fit together.

But they're harder to build than you think. There are shades of gray and complications. You need related categories so people can jump from branch to branch; you can slice information so many different ways; who can agree where something fits, etc. I've tried to build a half-dozen, but I can't point to any major successes.

Is the ideal of taxonomy possible? Or is it just better to invest in a good search engine? Think about it, when you visit a site, do you ever browse a taxonomy, or do you just go right to search? If you're looking for something you've seen on this site, do you wade through the category list, or just hit the search engine?

When was the last time you actually browsed Yahoo! or DMOZ? I know they're there, but I haven't visited them in ages. Last time I did visit, what was the first thing I did? That's right — typed something into the search box.

Search is a lazy man's taxonomy. It's not as organized or structured as a taxonomy, but human beings — imperfect creatures than we are — tend to settle to what's easier. So, as an information architect, do you stand on principle, or do you cater to the lazy way your users are going to look for information?

This comes from my current infatuation with wikis. There is no categorizing of pages in wikis (even after my railin g against all their shortcomings a few months ago), there's just search and linking between pages. But the search is good, and it always seems to work. Same with the search on this site — when I'm looking for a previous post, it just always seems to work, and that search is nothing but a SQL "LIKE" query, the dumbest search of all.

So, are taxonomies an ideal that just don't survive the reality test?

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Playing with Taxonomies


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Taxonomies are critical to good information systems. But can non-librarians develop effective taxonomies? Several Web sites now being built use socially developed taxonomies. Del.icio.us and Flickr both attract large groups of people describing their content in a way that they all can share. Del.icio.us lets participants share Web bookmarks; Flickr offers online photo sharing. Finding information on either site demands some agreed-upon, dynamic way of classifying content, and changing that classification as the content grows exponentially. Feedback is immediate; you see whether others agree (use) or disagree (don't use) your tags. Stewart Butterfield of Ludicorp, developer of Flickr, thinks this user-driven approach has advantages. "If you can hire enough excellent librarians, you will get better keyword results than with social approaches. However, as the content grows, tagging (and retagging) becomes an order of magnitude more difficult. In other words, social approaches are 80% as good as and 10 times easier than top-down approaches." Would Flickr's approach work in the buttoned-down corporate world? Butterfield says, "Anticipate resistance in the CIO crowd who don't want to risk losing control in a social self-correcting process and do not want anything to get lost."

Of Taxonomies and Crumbtrails


Of Taxonomies and Crumbtrails 08/15/2004 03:33 PM

I've had an eternal struggle with taxonomies and crumbtrails and I'll share it with you now in the hopes of find some resolution that will let me sleep. (Okay, it's not THAT bad, but I have been tossing this around for days now with no solution.)

A taxonomy is a parent-child classification system. Most every site has one whether it was planned or not. I work for a commercial real estate firm, and we have a simple taxonomy, some of which looks like this:


Home
  Property
    Office
    Industrial
    Land
    Retail
    Investment

For the most part, this works fine. It's simple, and it makes sense.

Taxonomies also lend themselves nicely to crumbtrail navigation. If I'm looking at a property in the Office category, I can get a crumbtrail like this:


Home > Property > Office

However, there are situations that require a piece of property to fit into more than one category. For instance, there are many buildings that can legitimately be used for both office and retail. Therefore, the property ends to appear under both categories because people browsing either would be interested in it. This is no problem, as taxonomies are supposed to be able to do this.

But what about the crumbtrail? If I'm looking at a property that appears in both Office and Retail, which crumbtrail do I get:



Home > Property > Office
Home > Property > Retail

I can think of two things:

Primary and Secondary Classification
Pick one "true" classification for the property. Just make an arbitrary decision if its Office and Retail and classify it as such. Let it appear in the other category as well, but the crumbtrail should reflect its "true" classification.

A couple problems here:

(a) Maybe some legitimately fits equally in two places. Say one side of taxonomy classifies by property type (Office, Retail, etc.) and anothert by size (less than 5,000 sq. ft.; 5,000 - 20,000 sq. ft., more than 20,000 sq. ft.). No matter how hard to you try, any property is going to fit in more than one category.

(b) If someone browses to a category from a "secondary" trail, they're going to be confused because the crumtrail doesn't reflect where they came from. For instance, say I give a building a classification of Office but also let it appear as Retail. If someone browses to the property through the Retail trail, then tries to walk back up the trail, they're going to be sent back to Office, instead of Retail where they came from.

Dynamic Crumbtrails
You can always create the crumbtrail based on the trail the use came from. So if a user browses to our property through the Retail trail, display a trail based on that. If they came from Office, display that crumbtrail.

This seems good, but what if the user didn't browse and was linked directly? Then what do you use?


So, there you have my quandry. If anyone has a resolution or thoughts, let's hear them.

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Stanford: Taxonomies of Love


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Finding the information you need is a daunting challenge that consumes about one-third of the typical workday. There is so much information, so many contexts in which documents may be relevant, and so many different file formats, from Office documents to graphics to PDFs. A single business document may cover hundreds, even thousands of subjects, have many authors, and have been created in different contexts for a variety of audiences. Enterprise content management (ECM) systems try to centralize content and enforce the assignment of metadata to simplify the task of finding information. Although ECM systems can bring order to chaos, you'll get more accurate and efficient information retrieval by planning your classification and taxonomy strategy. Creating a taxonomy is the process of classifying information and the associated metadata that further describes the information according to a logical system. There are several ways to create taxonomies, but most organizations build them manually, buy a pre-existing system or apply automated taxonomy/classification tools to their data. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages. Whichever you choose, advance planning is critical. Develop an information-management strategy, understand your organization's business needs and know what types of information your users require. After these step are complete, you can move on to creating a taxonomy using one of the approaches discussed above.

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sharing photoshop album taxonomies


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Dead pixels instead of dead trees


Dead pixels instead of dead trees 12/22/2004 01:49 AM

I love books, I love browsing stacks, I love libraries, I love Powell's in Portland, I like collecting books, I always have a stack nearby to read, I love looking through picture books, and I love books even though I didn't really become much of a reader until the end of my college years (I never read for fun until then). Plunging into the Internet fed my book addiction further, as I had to read dozens of computer classics to get up to speed and stay ahead of the curve. Every computer desk I've had until recently was flanked by bookshelves loaded with titles.

Earlier this year, I remember hearing Cory Doctorow give a talk about how ebooks were going to rule the world and folks would abandon the printed page for the laptop screen. I thought it was a good talk, but I felt the thesis was a bit ahead of its time. There's really no comparison between curling up with a book and a blanket in front of a fireplace, versus trying to read thousands of words on a screen.

Last weekend I was doing some house cleaning and I kept finding stacks of books. A stack next to the reading chairs. A stack on the coffee table. A stack beside my bed. All these stacks contained books I bought in 2004, but never read. Some, I got halfway through, but even more I got maybe ten pages in. A few I never even cracked open.

When I think back to the last three books I enjoyed, they were all heard on my iPod, while on a road trip. I can't recall the last book I finished in my hands.

I'm going to take a holiday trip soon to a fairly remote location where there's not much to do besides read. I'm going to sit and read the only book I've wanted to read this year, and I have a feeling it might just be one of the last dead tree books I read for a long time.

As much as I didn't agree with Cory back during his E-tech talk, I'm finally realizing it's coming true in my own life. I read thousands of words everyday on my monitors and I rarely take time to read anything on the printed page, and there's no sign of reversal on that trend. The scariest thing for the bookfan inside me is that I don't think it's bad thing, either.

Long live the ebook. Long live the audiobook. So long, dead trees.


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So what's next? What time tested piece of PC hardware is the next to go?

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And, not to beat a dead horse or anything, Microsoft is again going to rei nforce my point that taxonomies just may be dead and you really just need good search.

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"I already feel I'm dead"


"I already feel I'm dead" 09/15/2004 11:55 AM
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Cognatrix 1.0


Cognatrix 1.0 04/05/2005 11:43 PM
Used for creating and maintaining monolingual thesauri, dictionaries, taxonomies and similar information structures.

Are Taxonomies Dead?

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